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It should include scaling and polishing above and most importantly below the gumline, a full oral exam and charting as well as dental x-rays. One important point is that a thorough dental cleaning is more than just scaling and polishing the teeth. In general, the smaller the breed of dog, the more prone they are to periodontal disease and thus more frequent dental cleanings are necessary.
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Professional cleanings are very important for the health of our pets and these are generally recommended on an annual basis, but the frequency varies amongst breeds and individuals. Treatment and prevention of dental disease in our pets is very similar to the requirements of taking care of our own teeth homecare and regular professional cleanings. This means that virtually every pet has some type of oral disease. In addition to the serious local and systemic (full body) problems associated with periodontal disease, there are numerous other painful and/or infectious conditions that occur within the mouth such as: broken teeth (Figure 7), cavities, orthodontic disease (Figure 8), and oral cancers. The bottom line is that dental disease can actually shorten the lifespan of both humans and animals. On a positive note, many of these conditions actually improve with proper dental treatment! In addition to systemic diseases, periodontal infection leads to local problems in and near the mouth such as: tooth root abscesses, nasal infection (Figure 4), eye loss, jaw fractures (Figure 5), and oral cancers (Figure 6). This is due to the consistent bacterial load in the mouth entering the bloodstream through bleeding or inflamed gums. Ask your veterinarian about Orastrip, or for more information on this inexpensive service, please visit We now know how important oral health is, as periodontal disease in both humans and animals has been linked to many systemic disease problems including kidney and liver disease, heart failure and heart attacks, lung disease, adverse pregnancy effects, cancers, and complications of diabetes.
This quick and painless test can tell the level of dental disease in 10 seconds, either giving you piece of mind, or alerting you of your pet’s need for treatment. A new method for determining the level of gum disease in animals is provided by a simple technology called Orastrip. (Figures 1-3) Furthermore, if your pet’s breath smells, it is a sure sign of an oral infection, and in all likelihood it is very advanced. To find out if your pet has periodontal disease, lift the lip and look for the presence of tartar, or redness and swelling of the gums. By starting early and being consistent, you can likely avoid having to perform bigger surgeries later (ultimately saving money) as well as keep your pet healthier.
Further, the first dental cleaning (with radiographs) should be at 1 year of age (especially in small and toy breed dogs). Homecare should start at 6-7 months of age and be performed daily. This means that dental care for pets – including dental exams, homecare, and professional cleanings – should be done early and often. However, the current trend is to prevent the disease. In general, veterinary dentistry has been reactive medicine (waiting for disease to occur and then treating it). Moreover, studies are finding that periodontal disease actually starts before 1 year of age. This underscores the importance of early detection and treatment for prevention of disease. As shocking as these numbers are, current research suggests this actually underestimates the true incidence of dental disease. It is estimated that more than 70% of cats and 80% of dogs have some form of periodontal (gum) disease by just 2 years of age. Oral/dental disease is by far the number one medical problem in dogs and cats. The end result of this infection is tooth loss, but it will cause significant local and systemic issues long before that (see below).
If gingivitis is not treated, the infection will advance deeper and start creating bone loss. Once the plaque extends under the gums, it starts creating inflammation which is known as gingivitis. Eventually this will harden and become calculus (or tartar).
Periodontal disease is caused by bacteria which attach to the teeth in a substance called plaque. The biggest reason that pets often do not receive the dental care they need is because they rarely show obvious signs of pain or problems, which means that they suffer in silence. But, do you know that your pet suffers from the same dental problems that you do? In fact, dogs and cats feel dental pain and discomfort just as we do, and yet it is far more common for them to have significant dental problems since they are not getting regular dental care. Most people are aware of the importance of taking care of their own teeth (brushing and flossing daily and regular trips to the dentist).
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